Splenectomy: When a person has a spleen removed for thalassemia, they are more likely to develop a secondary bacterial infection . According to the CDC, people shouldnt get vaccinated if they have had a severe allergic reaction to a previous dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. (2022). Harewood J, et al. While it's always helpful to know your blood type, most people won't necessarily need to know that information. People with the most severe form of the disease may require regular blood transfusions. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Thalassemia trait means you carry the gene that causes the disease, but you dont have the disease yourself. There have been multiple studies on blood types and COVID-19 risk. COVID-19 vaccine is high priority for cardiac patients. Beta-thalassemia results of a default in the hemoglobin beta- chain synthesis. To inherit thalassemia, both your parents must pass down the affected gene to you. Learn more about COVID-19 vaccination for people with beta-thalassemia or . People with certain medical conditions. The Link Between Blood Type and COVID-19 Risk - Health 2021 Mar 1;16(1):114. doi: 10.1186/s13023-021-01757-w. Parakh N, Pahuja S, Singh V, Kumar N, Chandra J. J Paediatr Child Health. Alpha thalassemia. Blood clots are fairly common with COVID-19, and many physicians view it as a disease of blood vessels. Although epidemiologic evidence concerning the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection in these patients is currently lacking, the COVID-19 pandemic represents a significant challenge for . The people with hidden immunity against Covid-19 - BBC Future Symptoms of moderate anemia may include: Beta thalassemia is caused by a genetic mutation inherited from one or both of your parents. They often share similar symptoms but have different causes as well as different treatments and severity. They also indicate that haemochromatosis type 1 might confer some protection. How do I know if I have thalassemia trait? It's important to note that complications of thalassemia likely played a role in the severity of outcomes. You can also have both alpha- and beta-thalassemia. It is possible to have both alpha- and beta-thalassemia. What are the risks of having COVID if you have beta thalassemia? According to this systematic-review meta-analysis, beta-thalassemia carriers could be less affected by CO VID-19 than the general population and more susceptible to die from COVID-19 or one of its consequences. Beta thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder in which a child has anemia. Chowdhury SF, Anwar S. Management of hemoglobin disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eur J Haematol. Newborn screening practices and alpha-thalassemia detection United States, 2016. What to Know About Thalassemia and COVID-19. The forgotten people with thalassemia in the time of COVID-19: South Asian perspective. If you do, theyll be mild. In general, if both parents have thalassemia trait, theres a: Because more genes are involved in alpha-thalassemia trait, there are several possible outcomes depending on each parents combination of genes. Thalassemia patients also tend to have complications and coexisting conditions that may put them at an increased risk of severe outcomes, such as hospitalization and death, if they do become infected with COVID-19. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Thus far, studies have been mixed as to whether thalassemia patients are more likely to experience serious outcomes of COVID-19 (such as hospitalization or death). Luspatercept improves hemoglobin levels and blood transfusion requirements in a study of patients with -thalassemia. A comprehensive update of ICET-A Network on COVID-19 in thalassemias: what we know and where we stand. With more research, we may one day have a clearer understanding of the connection between COVID-19 and different blood types. Common COVID-19 treatments, including prone positioning (turning a patient on their stomach), non-invasive ventilation (oxygen delivered via a face mask), and intubation and mechanical ventilation (where a tube is inserted down the throat and a machine pumps air in and out of the lungs), may be needed depending on the severity. Some people with thalassemia have cardiomyopathy (heart muscle disease). If your doctor suspects your child has thalassemia, he or she can confirm a diagnosis with blood tests. COVID-19 and thalassaemia: A position statement of the - PubMed Update in laboratory diagnosis of thalassemia. (2022). Although epidemiologic evidence concerning the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection in these patients is currently lacking, the COVID-19 pandemic represents a significant challenge for haemoglobinopathy patients, their families and their attending physicians. If both parents carry a trait for either alpha- or beta-thalassemia, their child could develop a severe form of the disease. The first study, conducted by . Some studies estimate the worldwide prevalence of alpha-thalassemia trait to be as high as 5%. Blood. Current recommendations are that a person's usual regimen of transfusions should be continued during the pandemic. -Thalassemia is the most prevalent single gene blood disorder, while the assessment of its susceptibility to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) warrants it a pressing biomedical priority. Symptoms can range from none at all to severe anemia that requires frequent blood transfusions. Should people with thalassemia receive the COVID-19 vaccine? doi:10.2144/fsoa-2020-0110, Papadopoulos KI, Sutheesophon W, Manipalviratn S, Aw TC. Severe thalassemia used to be fatal by early adulthood, but now people frequently live into their 60s or beyond. The changing epidemiology of the ageing thalassaemia populations: a position statement of the Thalassaemia International Federation. Yes, you can have the trait for both alpha- and beta-thalassemia. A doctor can look at your mean corpuscular volume (MCV) reading on your CBC results to determine the size of your red blood cells. The causal virus behind this disease, SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), conceivably attacks the . There are four types of alpha thalassemia, and two main types of beta thalassemia. The result will depend on the number of affected genes. Last medically reviewed on August 23, 2022. The ways that a healthcare provider diagnoses thalassemia depends on the type of thalassemia you have. There are two types of thalassemia, alpha and beta. Beta-thalassemia causes symptoms related to anemia, including weak or brittle bones, and leads to problems with how your bones develop. A simple blood test known as a complete blood count (CBC) could suggest whether or not you have thalassemia trait. EHA and TIF explore how COVID-19 is affecting thalassemia and SCD patients. There are two types of alpha-thalassemia trait. It's been found that, in general, people who have COVID-19 often have significantly reduced hemoglobin levels, especially with severe disease. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the The results align with the results of other studies from countries around the world. Respiratory failure may occur just as with people who do not have thalassemia. EHA and TIF on How COVID-19 Affects Thalassemia and SCD Patients These transplants should proceed. The need for frequent blood transfusions and complications of the disease that result in more clinic visits and hospitalizations could raise the odds that someone would come into contact with the virus. Susceptibility of -Thalassemia heterozygotes to COVID-19. However, more epidemiological studies are required in the aim to obtain a strong signal. Thalassaemia is the name for a group of inherited conditions that affect a substance in the blood called haemoglobin. But some researchers believe it may, based on the primarily mild symptoms of COVID-19 in people with thalassemia found in a study out of Southeast Asia. Thalassaemia International Federation . Delaporta P, et al. COVID-19 and thalassaemia: A position statement of the Thalassaemia International Federation. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Vaccine safety and effectiveness for people with beta thalassemia. SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with -thalassemia: The French The researchers found that people with beta thalassemia minor had: However, the researchers didnt find statistical significance for any of these parameters, so no definitive conclusions can be drawn from the study. 2020;6(9):FSO628. Needs T, et al. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to blood bank shortages, which have created challenges for people with transfusion-dependent thalassemia. 2020;15(1):265.doi:10.1186/s13023-020-01543-0, Piga A, Perrotta S, Gamberini MR, et al. Richard N. Fogoros, MD, is a retired professor of medicine and board-certified internal medicine physician and cardiologist. People with certain medical conditions. But again, experts say it's too early to know for sure. This is the most important step in keeping you out of the hospital and alive. But, overall, the link between blood type, genes, and infection risk is a growing area of research. Frequency of COVID-19 Antibodies in Patients With Hereditary When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. There are no specific precautions or warnings for people with thalassemia receiving these vaccines compared with people in the general population. How Might Swollen Glands Be a Sign of COVID-19? Med (Lausanne). COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; coronavirus; haemoglobinopathies; pandemic; thalassaemia. But if you only have the trait, you may have a slightly increased risk of high blood pressure or anemia during pregnancy, according to 2022 research. Many times people with thalassemia are prescribed a supplemental B vitamin, known as folic acid, to help treat anemia. Impact of IFN-1a in treatment of a COVID-19 patient with beta thalassemia and diabetes mellitus: A case report. There are three types of thalassemia, one is minor and the other two Alpha and Beta thalassemia are a major threat to health of a person. We avoid using tertiary references. Each one has different subtypes and hence the severity . A protein called the Rh factor can also be present (+) or absent (-) from the blood. doi: 10.1002/ccr3.6114. In general, people with severe diseases are at a higher risk from COVID-19. Lets look at why and what you can do about it. There are no extra safety precautions necessary for people with beta thalassemia who get vaccinated against COVID-19 when compared with people in the general population. For adults who are immunocompromised, the CDC recommends: People with thalassemia were excluded from COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, so its unclear if vaccines are as effective for people with thalassemia as the general population. Therefore, it is unknown if COVID-19 vaccines are as efficacious for patients with thalassemia as they were found to be for the clinical trial participants . For those who develop COVID-19, doctors should be aware of this increased risk of a secondary bacterial infection so that antibiotics can be started early with any signs, such as a fever. If you're pregnant and heterozygous for beta-thalassemia, you may not need treatment, but there are still some things to consider for a healthy.
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