From the cradle of mankind to the superheroes of today. He takes a seat at one end of the council as he has done at the beginning of his rule, eight years in total. Where the former is appointed (and works voluntarily) by a Gadaa councilor and it is an honorary position; the later may be effectuated involuntarily. Borana Gadaa leaders embroiled in Kenya's dirty politics - Curate Oromia Whereas Gadaa grades are the phases of development through which the members pass. Their time cuts across two consecutive supreme leaders and they serve and take instructions from both. First and foremost, one has to be clear that Gadaa class refers to the group of people who share the same status and who perform their rites of passage together. Today we seem to have forgotten these important rules, and cattle invade and damage forests every dry season. [11] It is the brainchild of Oromo from the Madda Walabu district of Oromia. He was the leader of qandala (army) and was elected by the people. The Gada assembly to which the Abba Gada Liiban Jaldeessa belongs is called Gada Harboora. 185 0 obj <> endobj Attending power transfer ceremonies, rites of passages from one grade to another and other gatherings are meant to be as transparent as possible. The members are recruited based on genealogical generations (2). One is a system in which the members of each class are recruited strictly on the basis of chronological age. They are in the last stage to the Gadaa stage and are in one part of stages of Borana system. The fathers and mothers then stood to face each other around the flag, and the fathers sang a song of praise to their wives The transition ceremony takes no less than two weeks. 216 0 obj <>stream The Abbaa Duulaa (the defense minister) was also one of the leading figures in the Gadaa government. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Young men are also trained to become junior warriors by taking part in war campaigns and hunting large animals; they learn the practical skills of warfare, military organization, and fighting so that they can engage in battle to defend their country and economic resources. Gadaamoojjii Men in the final grade of Gada cycle (72-80 years old) or the retired The more the elements decrease (e.g. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. This committee includes members of the PP party in Oromia, members of the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF, of which the OLA is an outlawed splinter group), the Abba Gada council, and religious leaders. Councils like these have sat down under similar circumstances in the gentle late afternoon sun, for the last five hundred years. Socially, Boranas were known to be very kind people especially to the visitors, a weakness that all these three colonial governments used to strip off them most of their ancestral heritages not limited to land, water sources, natural resources and top grazing areas. Major Oromo clans have established the centers of their Gadaa at several places based on their territorial settlement. Gada is a complex tradi-tional democratic system of self-rule, governing the social, economic, political and spiritual life of Borana society. [7][8][9] Whenever an Abbaa Gadaa dies while exercising his functions, the bokkuu (the symbol of power) passes to his wife and she keeps the bokkuu and proclaims the laws. This system is not only well developed and well preserved among the Borana Oromo but also a viable socio-political system to date, comparable to no other region in Oromiya. Both sets of groups pass from one stage of development to the next every eight years. The Aba Gada leaders of the Guji-Oromo people, an ethnic Oromo subgroup who inhabit southern Ethiopia, have declared the Shene-Oromo Liberation Army (OLA) - a group that operates in the bushes of Southwestern Ethiopia as an "enemy of the Oromo people". Hence, it is customary to move from home o home to find their age-mates. <> In 2015, the Gadaa Center at Odaa Bultum was inaugurated and in 2018, the Gadaa Center at Odaa Hullee reinstalled after two centuries of interruption. Gadaa Grade is the stage of full political maturity and became the ruling party for the following eight years. 0000002053 00000 n The Borana age-set (hariyya) is an institution or organized on age and generational relationships. Furthermore, a de facto or de jure councilor may be removed from the office, because of lack of competence, though not limited to, through a procedure known as uprooting (buqqisuu) (The principle of uprooting is discussed in detail under chapter six of this thesis). For five hundred years, the Borana have religiously followed this system of ruling themselves because it has kept them together, in unity. The Borana and Guji groups near the Ethiopian-Kenyan border were able to practice Gadaa without interruption. Both types of social groups are formed every eight years. The second has little to do with age. Seldom did division occur even among the council men because they were of the same age set like the ones who ruled before them. They serve their community for eight years and meet three times in those years. Besides, daballe are free and irresponsible groups. Despite kinship relationships are being such an important factor in Oromo society, those who are elected to office are expected to serve without regard to kinship ties. trailer Accordingly, the rite of ceremony changes the social status of the child from being considered as girls to boys; it represents the birth of sons. Since Gadaa is found not only on age-groups but also on generation-sets, hence, understanding the generational relationship and its role is vital. <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Spiritually, Boranas believe that there is a supreme Being in charge of their worldly affairs and upper dominion, they believe that there is a creator called 'WAQ'. Bonus information The decisions made by the traditional councils also affected the use of natural resources. However, its use of genealogical generations as its organizing elements makes it different and unique. Asmarom (1973) is one of the scholars who studied the structure of Borana Oromo's Gada system. The following are theGadaa grades and their descriptions. These parties have different names in different parts of Oromia as the result of Oromo expansion and the establishment of different autonomous administrative systems. Men who married could also participate or send representatives to the assembly. Gadaa laws were passed by the Chaffee (assembly) and implemented by officials. In the interpretation (conception) of the Gadaa system, there are several concepts that are understood differently by different scholars. In particular, it takes place in the month of February (Gurandhala). These requirements are similar in three aspects: both are formed every eight years; both pass from one stage to another; and in both active members pave position in both systems. However, in the history of Boran Gadaa leadership, the takeover ceremony was delayed in 1960. This system is not only well developed and well preserved among the Borana [] The first meeting takes place before they depart to different regions of Borana for community protection. Second, in Boran Gadaa System there are five Gadaa classes that are basically cyclic (i.e. The system regulates political, economic, social and religious activities of the community. Furthermore, Abba Gadaa (the president) belonging to the outgoing Gadaa Council has to appoint (before handing over the power to the incoming Gadaa class) six men from among the ex-members of the Gadaa Council that are now in the semi-retired (yuuba) Gadaa grade. The Borana Oromo has a very prominent traditional system of governance-the Gada System. [12][13] Oromo people regarded the system as their common heritage and as a major part of their cultural identity. In addition to his Harvard PhD dissertation, Legesse has published a book[25] positioning Gadaa as an African democracy that could inform constitutional thinkers. Assessment of Indigenous Water Management System: A Case Study of endobj Each one of the eleven Gadaa grades equally bears eight-year periods and they are based on genealogical generations. June 22, 2022; list of borana abba gada; alton funeral home; what is joel riley doing now . These three assemblies have to undertake ritual migrations throughout the Borana land during their period of administration.I came to know some of the Borana Gada Councilors when their Gada assemblies crossed over to the Liiban territory of the Borana land to perform ritual ceremonies in February 2003 Says Ibrahim. As a result problem in a relation to incorporation of late or early born children often arises. 0000012528 00000 n Gada: The Indigenous Governance System | The Reporter | Latest Participatory impact assessment of ticks on Borana cattle milk production was conducted from January 2010 to July 2010. 2 0 obj He and his team will vote from 17 sub-clans of Borana, one parliament member from each sub-clan. They were the Gada class or the Warra Bora. Married Borana men look in their direction them from afar, as they water the camels. The scope of gatherings ranges from socio-economic to cultural/entertainment activities. 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