Positive symptoms are an excess or distortion of normal functions, for example hallucinations, delusions and thought disturbances such as thought insertion. Boston Spa, Genetic Explanations of Offending Behaviour | Psychology | tutor2u Pederson and Mortensen (Denmark 2001) found Scandanavian villages have very LOW levels of psychosis, but 15 years of living in a city increased risk. Heather (1976) there is only a 50% chance of predicting what treatment a patient will receive based on diagnosis, suggesting that diagnosis is not valid. Schizophrenia and Dopamine: Links and Connections - Healthline Christopher Frith (1979) argues schizophrenia is the result of a faulty attention system. For example, it suggests that schizophrenic behavior is the cause of environmental factors such as cognitive factors. They assumed the bogus patients were schizophrenic with no real evidence. Antipsychotic drugs are used to reduce the intensity of symptoms (particularly positive symptoms). For example, about 50% of people with schizophrenia are also diagnosed with depression. (2004): Adopted children from families with schizophrenia had more chance of developing the illness than children from normal families. Central idea: Patients problems are based on incorrect beliefs and expectations. In other words, it doesnt cure schizophrenia, it just helps people get over it. 11 items. Preconscious thought (thought that occurs without awareness) contains a huge amount of information from our senses that would normally be filtered. Other side effects are potentially fatal, for example agranulocytosis and neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS). Schizophrenics returning to such a family were more likely to relapse into the disorder than those returning to a family low in EE. basis. PDF Title: Psychological Explanations - WordPress.com Pharaoh et al. However, one explanation for this is mutation in parental DNA. Classification is the process of organising symptoms into categories based on which symptoms cluster together in sufferers. Al (2011) suggest many aspects of urban living ranging from life stressors to the use of drugs, can have an effect on human epigenetics. why some children in such dysfunctional families often do not go on to develop schizophrenia. Double bind is based on clinical observation the patients and early evidence involved assessing the personality of the mothers for 'crazy-making' characterists. Researchers estimate up to 1 percent of adults worldwide have schizophrenia.. What . Families taught to have weekly family meetings solving problems on family and individual goals, resolve conflict between members, and pinpoint stressors. McMonagle and Sultana (2009) found in a meta-analysis of 110 studies, that only 3 had used random allocation (where a true comparison was available with an experimental and control group). They did not believe that schizophrenia was a disease. It is not clear which comes first. A quarter of people with schizophrenia (Total 4 marks) 11 Describe and evaluate biological explanations for schizophrenia. This suggests that the dopamine hypothesis does not account for freewill. Problems of validity: Are we really testing what we think we are testing? Requires self-awareness and willingness to engage Held back by the symptoms schizophrenics encounter It is an ineffective treatment likely to lead to disengagement. A second weakness of the double bind theory is that there are ethical issues. Lobban (2013) reports that other family members felt they were able to cope better thanks to family therapy. There is a lack of understanding and explanation of how the diathesis-stress model works- it is known that both have to be present to lead to schizophrenia, but not how the mechanisms of schizophrenia symptoms develop. The entire evaluation of Schizophrenia (AQA A-level Psychology) 33.39 5.49. Out-dated views that were once accepted are no longer tolerated by families and are now seen as destructive rather than productive, Briefly outline how cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is used to treat schizophrenia and explain one limitation of using CBT to treat schizophrenia. At least 73% of his sample reported that these strategies were successful in managing their symptoms. Comorbidity is when the same person has two or more disorders at the same time. Adults with an insecure attachement to their primary carere are also more likely to have schizophrenia (Berry et al 2008). More receptors lead to more firing and an over production of messages. West Yorkshire, So the stressors of modern living could cause increased schizophrenia in future generations. Company Reg no: 04489574. Combining treatments is most common in the UK, although it is also sometimes used in the USA. Gottesman (1991) found that MZ twins have a 48% risk of getting schizophrenia whereas DZ twins have a 17% risk rate. Gender bias: Loring and Powell (1988) found that some behavior which was regarded as psychotic in males was not regarded as psychotic in females. Schizophrenia Interactionist Approach Interactionist Approach Interactionist Approach Addiction Addiction Treatment Theories Aversion Therapy Behavioural Interventions Drug Therapy Gambling Addiction Nicotine Addiction Physical and Psychological Dependence Reducing Addiction Risk Factors for Addiction Six Stage Model of Behaviour Change Read et al (2005) reviewed 46 studies of child abuse and schizophrenia and found concluded that 69% of adult women in-patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia had a physical abuse, sexual abuse or . Symptom targeting: a specific symptom is selected for which a particular coping strategy can be devised That said, please be assured that question paper development involves a rigorous and robust process during which experienced colleagues determine whether or not, for any specific content, within a . Cognitive biases refer to selective attention. Effectively means that it needs to be clearly linked and explained in the context of the answer. The researchers used an inferential statistical test to see if there was a significant difference in language rating between the two groups. Without this knowledge a person displaying overt emotional behavior in a Western culture might be regarded as abnormal. The validity of schizophrenia as a single disorder is questioned by many.
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